Pericardial Effusion in a Dog with Pericardial Hemangiosarcoma

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Cardiology
• Veterinary Oncology
• Canine Pathology

Background:

• Constrictive-effusive pericarditis is a rare condition in dogs.
• Hemangiosarcoma is an aggressive vascular tumor that can occur in various locations.

Observation:

• A Jack Russel terrier presented with significant peritoneal and pleural effusion.
• Diagnostic imaging revealed thickened pericardium and pericardial effusion.
• Electrocardiography showed complete atrioventricular block and arrhythmias.

Findings:

• Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed pericardial hemangiosarcoma as the cause of the pericardial disease.
• The tumor led to constrictive-effusive pericarditis, necessitating pericardiectomy and pacemaker implantation.
• Despite treatment, the dog experienced recurrent effusion and was euthanized.

Implications:

• This is the first reported case of isolated pericardial hemangiosarcoma causing constrictive-effusive pericarditis in a dog.
• Highlights the importance of considering rare tumor locations in diagnosing pericardial disease.
• Suggests potential challenges in managing advanced pericardial hemangiosarcoma even with aggressive treatment.