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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
Published on: October 31, 2019
Green extraction of polyphenols from grapefruit peels using high voltage electrical discharges, deep eutectic
Sally El Kantar1, Hiba N Rajha1, Nadia Boussetta2
1Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisations Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; Sorbonne universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de recherche Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60 203 Compiègne cedex, France.
Abstract:
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) and aqueous glycerol were proposed as green alternatives to conventional solvents for the extraction of polyphenols from grapefruit peels. In order to increase the extraction kinetics and yields of polyphenols, high voltage electrical discharges (HVED) were used as a pre-treatment technology (energy varied between 7.27 and 218 kJ/kg). Results showed that the HVED energy input can be reduced, when the subsequent solid-liquid extraction was performed in 20% (w/v) aqueous glycerol or in DES (lactic acid: glucose) instead of water. The addition of glycerol has reduced the energy of the pre-treatment by 6 times. The same diffusivity of polyphenols (4 × 10-11 m2/s) was obtained in water from HVED pre-treated peels at 218 kJ/kg and in aqueous glycerol from pre-treated peels at 36 kJ/kg. The solubility of naringin, the main flavonoid compound of grapefruit peels in the solvents, was investigated through a theoretical modelling of its Hansen solubility parameters.
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