Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps

Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps

In an inverting amplifier, the input voltage is connected through a resistor to the inverting terminal. Meanwhile, the non-inverting terminal is grounded and a feedback resistor is established between the inverting and output terminal, as depicted in Figure 1.

Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

[Research progress on antioxidant mechanisms of plant-derived extracellular vesicle-like particles and their application in disease therapy].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026

Same author

Leveraging Solvatochromic and Mechanochromic Properties of Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D-A-D) Imines for Multimodal Information Encryption.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same author

Multi-parameter enhanced optical encryption with biphasic chiral photonic crystals.

Light, science & applications·2026

Same author

Multifunctional Manganese-Based Nanocomposites for Enhanced Immunotherapy by Regulating Lactate Metabolism and Activating the cGAS-STING Pathway.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same author

Photoinduced radical emission from flexible organic crystals.

Light, science & applications·2026

Same author

All-in-one optically interactive soft robots with embedded liquid crystal holography.

Light, science & applications·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

Published on: March 11, 2022

Chirality invertible superstructure mediated active planar optics.

Peng Chen^1,2, Ling-Ling Ma¹, Wei Hu^3,4

¹National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.

Nature Communications

|June 9, 2019

Summary

Researchers developed tunable flat optics using a novel anisotropic medium. This photonic device allows dynamic light manipulation with a broad, reversible spectrum, enabling adaptive optical functions.

More Related Videos

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Published on: February 16, 2018

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Published on: December 9, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

Published on: March 11, 2022

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Published on: February 16, 2018

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Published on: December 9, 2011

Area of Science:

Optics and Nanophotonics
Materials Science

Background:

Dynamic manipulation of light is crucial for advanced optical devices.
Existing geometric phase elements often have static functionalities.
Photonic spin-orbit interaction offers integrated strategies for light control.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel anisotropic medium for tunable geometric phase elements.
To achieve continuously tunable working spectrum and light-flipped phase profiles.
To demonstrate adaptive and multifunctional flat optical devices.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an inhomogeneously self-organized anisotropic medium with a photo-invertible chiral superstructure.
Utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystal mixed with a photo-responsive chiral dopant.
Preprograming alignment for light-activated device functionalities.

Main Results:

Demonstrated light-activated deflector, lens, Airy beam, and optical vortex generators.
Achieved reversible, ultra-broadband (over 1000 nm) tuning from green to telecommunication wavelengths.
Showcased facile switching of functionalities via chirality inversion, including beam steering and spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion.

Conclusions:

The developed platform enables advanced adaptive and multifunctional flat optics.
The devices exhibit high compactness, low loss, and broad bandwidth.
This work provides a new avenue for tunable photonic devices.