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Parvoviral infection with systemic impact and renal consequences
Filipe Santos Mira1,2, Daniel Marques2,3, Vítor Sousa4,5
1Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal.
BMJ Case Reports
|June 10, 2019
Summary
Parvovirus B19 infection can cause kidney damage and cryoglobulinemia in immunocompetent adults. Prompt prednisolone treatment led to full remission in this rare case.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Parvovirus B19 infections are typically asymptomatic in immunocompetent adults.
- Symptomatic parvovirus infections can vary in severity based on patient age and comorbidities.
Observation:
- A 40-year-old immunocompetent male presented with purpuric rash, acute kidney injury, type II mixed cryoglobulinemia, and hypocomplementemia.
- Renal biopsy revealed mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with C3, IgM, and C1q deposition.
- Parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in the renal biopsy tissue via PCR.
Findings:
- The patient's condition was diagnosed as parvovirus B19-associated glomerulonephritis and cryoglobulinemia.
- Treatment with prednisolone resulted in complete remission within one month.
Implications:
- This case highlights the rare occurrence of significant kidney disease and cryoglobulinemia due to parvovirus B19 in immunocompetent individuals.
- It underscores the importance of considering parvovirus B19 in the differential diagnosis of glomerulonephritis and cryoglobulinemia, even in immunocompetent patients.
- Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids can lead to favorable outcomes.
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