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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

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To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish
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Advances in Immunotherapy and Periocular Malignancy.

Larissa A Habib1,2, Natalie Wolkow1,2, Suzanne K Freitag1,2

  • 1a Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery , Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston , MA , USA.

Seminars in Ophthalmology
|June 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy harnesses the immune system to combat cancer, particularly skin cancers. This approach offers a less morbid treatment option for challenging periocular tumors compared to surgery.

Keywords:
CTLA-4ImmunotherapyPD-1PD-L1basal cell carcinomacheckpoint blockademelanomasebaceous carcinomasquamous cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.
  • Tumor cells evade the immune system through various mechanisms.
  • Understanding immunosurveillance is key to developing immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of immunotherapy on cutaneous malignancies.
  • To discuss the benefits of immunotherapy in sensitive areas like the periocular region.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current immunotherapy principles.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for cutaneous malignancies.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous malignancies show high sensitivity to immunotherapy.
  • Immunotherapy provides a successful treatment for challenging periocular tumors.
  • This approach reduces morbidity associated with surgical excision.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy is a significant advancement in oncology.
  • It offers a valuable, less invasive treatment for periocular skin cancers.