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Related Concept Videos

Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

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All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
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Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Molecules and Compounds02:38

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Atoms and Molecules
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Elements and Compounds01:27

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Biocontained Carcass Composting for Control of Infectious Disease Outbreak in Livestock
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Biochar reduces volatile organic compounds generated during chicken manure composting.

M A Sánchez-Monedero1, M Sánchez-García1, J A Alburquerque1

  • 1Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 4195, 30080 Murcia, Spain.

Bioresource Technology
|June 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Biochar addition to poultry manure composting significantly reduced volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly nitrogen- and oxygenated compounds. This indicates biochar enhances composting efficiency by mitigating harmful emissions.

Keywords:
Health riskMethoxyphenyloximePollutantsSPMEVOCVolatilisation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted during composting, posing environmental and health concerns.
  • Poultry manure composting generates significant levels of VOCs, including nitrogenous compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of biochar in reducing VOC emissions from poultry manure-based composting.
  • To determine the impact of biochar on different VOC families and the composting process.

Main Methods:

  • Composting experiment with poultry manure, straw, and 3% biochar addition at different process stages.
  • Analysis of VOC concentrations, focusing on nitrogenous and oxygenated compounds.

Main Results:

  • Biochar application reduced overall VOC concentrations, especially during the thermophilic phase.
  • Significant reduction in nitrogen volatile compounds and oxygenated volatile compounds (ketones, phenols, organic acids).
  • No significant effect observed on aliphatic, aromatic, and terpene VOC families.

Conclusions:

  • Biochar effectively mitigates VOC emissions during composting.
  • Both biochar's sorption capacity and its influence on microbial degradation processes contribute to VOC reduction.
  • Biochar can improve the environmental performance of manure composting.