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Explosive Magnetotail Activity.

Mikhail Sitnov1, Joachim Birn2, Banafsheh Ferdousi3

  • 11The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA.

Space Science Reviews
|June 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Explosive magnetotail activity is driven by current sheet dynamics and magnetic reconnection, leading to plasma acceleration and heating. These events, involving instabilities and waves, have observable effects in Earth

Keywords:
Auroral beads/raysBallooning/interchange instabilityBursty bulk flowsCurrent sheet thinningDipolarization frontsFlapping motionsFlux tube oscillationsLaboratory reconnection experimentsMagnetic reconnectionMagnetotailParticle accelerationPlasma micro-instabilitiesSupra-arcade downflowsTearing instability

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Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Plasma Physics
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • The Earth's magnetotail exhibits explosive activity, crucial for understanding space weather.
  • Pre-onset conditions and onset mechanisms of magnetotail explosive events are complex and varied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the modes, manifestations, onset mechanisms, and pre-onset conditions of explosive activity in the Earth's magnetotail.
  • To discuss the generation of pre-onset current sheets and the role of magnetic reconnection.
  • To explore the consequences and ionospheric manifestations of these energetic phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on magnetotail explosive activity.
  • Discussion of theoretical mechanisms for current sheet generation and magnetic reconnection.
  • Analysis of remote sensing and global Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) modeling results.

Main Results:

  • Two primary mechanisms for pre-onset current sheet generation: magnetic flux addition or evacuation.
  • Reconnection onset can occur in thin sheets (electron scales) or thicker sheets with specific magnetic field gradients.
  • Post-onset phenomena include bursty flows, dipolarization fronts, micro-instabilities, and plasma wave excitation.
  • Energy conversion from stretched magnetic fields to plasma acceleration and heating through various mechanisms.
  • Ionospheric manifestations of magnetotail phenomena are observed.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetotail explosive events are driven by magnetic reconnection and associated instabilities.
  • These events convert stored magnetic energy into kinetic and thermal energy of plasma.
  • The study highlights the interconnectedness of magnetotail dynamics and ionospheric phenomena.