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Related Concept Videos

Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

19.6K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
19.6K
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

3.9K
Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
3.9K
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

3.5K
Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
3.5K
Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation01:22

Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

1.5K
Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides typically produces two distinct molecular ion peaks, the molecular ion peak, [M], and the molecular ion plus two, [M + 2] peak. The relative heights of these two peaks are proportional to the isotopic abundance ratios of the halide. For example, 2‐chloropropane and 1‐bromopropane display two peaks with relative peak heights in a 3:1 and...
1.5K
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

4.2K
Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
4.2K
Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides02:48

Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides

8.3K
This lesson delves into the conversion of alcohols to corresponding alkyl halides and the mechanism of action for different reagents. Typically, the hydroxyl group is first protonated to convert it to a stable leaving group. Consequently, based on the starting alcohol, the mechanism undergoes either of the nucleophilic substitution routes, SN1 or SN2. Tertiary alkyl halides are made using the two-step SN1 mechanism that occurs via a carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by...
8.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications
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Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

Published on: January 22, 2019

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LEDs using halide perovskite nanocrystal emitters.

Fei Yan1, Hilmi Volkan Demir

  • 1LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore. HVDEMIR@ntu.edu.sg.

Nanoscale
|June 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lead-halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals offer high luminous efficiency and tunable wavelengths for light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). This review covers LHP nanocrystal emitters and guidelines for developing high-performance PeLEDs.

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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

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Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Lead-halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals are emerging materials for light emission.
  • LHP nanocrystals exhibit high luminous efficiency and color purity, comparable to organic light-emitting diodes.
  • They offer a wide, tunable range of emissive wavelengths across the visible spectrum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the understanding of LHP nanocrystals in light emission.
  • To discuss their application in light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs).
  • To provide guidelines for realizing high-performance PeLED devices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of LHP nanocrystal emitters and PeLEDs.
  • Analysis of key features influencing light emission properties.
  • Discussion of device performance factors.

Main Results:

  • LHP nanocrystals demonstrate impressive achievements in solid-state light-emitting applications.
  • PeLEDs based on LHP nanocrystals exhibit wide color gamut and high color purity.
  • Tunable emission across the visible spectrum is a key characteristic.

Conclusions:

  • LHP nanocrystals are promising candidates for advanced light-emitting applications.
  • Further research into LHP nanocrystal emitters can lead to high-performance PeLEDs.
  • Understanding LHP nanocrystal properties is crucial for optimizing PeLED technology.