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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

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Related Experiment Video

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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

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Enterococcal bacteraemia 'silent but deadly': a population-based cohort study.

Ivana Cabiltes1,2, Sarah Coghill3, Steven J Bowe4

  • 1School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Internal Medicine Journal
|June 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Enterococcal bacteraemia is linked to severe comorbidities and high mortality. Urological and colorectal cancers are significant predictors of 1-year mortality, highlighting the need for timely cancer screening in affected patients.

Keywords:
Enterococcusbacteraemiacolonoscopycolorectal cancerinfective endocarditis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Enterococcal infections are associated with high mortality rates, often linked to the severity of underlying comorbidities.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors for enterococcal bacteraemia is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the epidemiology, clinical features, outcomes, and mortality predictors in patients with enterococcal bacteraemia.
  • To identify specific comorbidities that predict mortality in enterococcal bacteraemia cases.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted on enterococcal bacteraemia episodes between January 2010 and March 2017.
  • Epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, outcomes, and mortality predictors were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of enterococcal bacteraemia was 19.9/100,000 person-years, with a median age of 71 years.
  • Common comorbidities included gastrointestinal, urological, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies. Urological malignancy (aOR=3.57) and colorectal cancer (aOR=4.47) were significant predictors of 1-year mortality.
  • Infective endocarditis was present in 15% of patients, and 75% of those referred for colonoscopy had undiagnosed colorectal neoplasia.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiological cure was inversely associated with 30-day mortality.
  • Urological and colorectal malignancies are key predictors of 1-year mortality in enterococcal bacteraemia.
  • Routine colonoscopy is recommended for patients with Enterococcus faecalis bacteraemia or infective endocarditis of unclear origin to screen for colorectal neoplasia.