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Osteomyelitis Caused by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination in a Healthy Toddler

Gulhadiye Avcu1, Zumrut Sahbudak Bal1, Cengiz Cavusoglu2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|June 11, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) osteomyelitis is a rare complication in children following immunization. Early diagnosis and a year of antituberculous therapy led to successful treatment in a young boy with knee pain.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) osteomyelitis is a rare but serious complication of BCG immunization.
  • It often presents with nonspecific symptoms, leading to diagnostic delays in immunocompetent children.

Observation:

  • A 1-year and 10-month-old male infant presented with persistent knee pain and limping for five months.
  • Initial surgical debridement was performed due to suspected malignancy.

Findings:

  • Culture of surgical specimens confirmed Mycobacterium bovis-BCG strain, diagnosing BCG osteomyelitis of the distal femur.
  • The infant was successfully treated with a one-year course of antituberculous therapy.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering BCG osteomyelitis in the differential diagnosis of pediatric bone infections, even with vague symptoms.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate antituberculous treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in affected children.

Keywords:
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinationchildosteomyelitis

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