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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

Age differences in the relationship between cortisol and emotional memory.

Angela Gutchess¹, Alana N Alves¹, Laura E Paige¹

¹Department of Psychology.

Psychology and Aging

|June 11, 2019

Summary

Higher cortisol levels impair emotional memory in older adults, unlike younger adults. This effect is most pronounced for negative memories, suggesting cortisol

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Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

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Published on: September 10, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychology
Gerontology

Background:

Emotional memory trade-off: emotional stimuli impair memory for neutral context.
This trade-off is observed similarly in younger and older adults.
Cortisol, a stress hormone, influences memory and is implicated in aging.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of cortisol levels in the emotional memory trade-off across the lifespan.
To examine age-related differences in how cortisol affects memory for emotional and neutral information.

Main Methods:

Younger and older adults incidentally encoded emotional (positive, negative, neutral) and neutral background items.
Recognition memory tests assessed recall for both items and backgrounds.
Basal cortisol levels were measured and correlated with memory performance.

Main Results:

Higher cortisol levels predicted a reduced memory trade-off effect in older adults compared to younger adults.
This age-related difference in cortisol's role was most significant for negative emotional items.
No significant interaction was found for the positive emotional trade-off effect.

Conclusions:

Cortisol levels differentially impact emotional memory across the lifespan.
Lower cortisol may be adaptive for recalling negative emotional information in older adults.
Higher cortisol levels may be associated with memory impairments in older adults.