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A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis
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A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis

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Emerging Biomarkers in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: From Pathophysiological Pathways to Clinical

Virginia Cipollini1, Fernanda Troili2, Franco Giubilei3

  • 1S. Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Roma, Italy. virginia.cipollini@gmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 12, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Small vessel disease (SVD) is a key cause of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). This review explores VCID

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Vascular pathology is the second leading cause of dementia, with small vessel disease (SVD) being the primary driver of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID).
  • Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of VCID is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the underlying pathophysiological pathways of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID).
  • To examine the role of endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, and neuroinflammation in VCID pathogenesis.
  • To analyze various biomarkers, including those related to central nervous system injury, coagulation, thrombosis, and microRNA, for VCID diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pathophysiological mechanisms of VCID.
  • Analysis of existing research on endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier integrity, and neuroinflammation in VCID.
  • Evaluation of current and potential biomarkers for VCID, including inflammatory, coagulation, thrombosis, and microRNA markers.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, and neuroinflammation are central to VCID pathogenesis.
  • Biomarkers for inflammatory responses, coagulation, thrombosis, and circulating microRNA show potential for VCID assessment.
  • Current evidence for peripheral biomarkers in VCID is limited, necessitating further research.

Conclusions:

  • VCID pathogenesis involves complex interactions between vascular factors, inflammation, and neuronal injury.
  • Biomarker research is essential for improving the differential diagnosis of dementia types.
  • Large-scale, prospective studies are required to validate peripheral biomarkers and translate findings into clinical practice for VCID.

Keywords:
CSF biomarkersblood biomarkersperipheral biomarkersvascular cognitive impairmentvascular dementiavascular disease

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