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Toxic Peripheral Neuropathies: Agents and Mechanisms

William M Valentine1

  • 1Cedar Bay Veterinary Clinic, Winter Garden, FL, USA.

Toxicologic Pathology
|June 12, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Toxic peripheral neuropathies, caused by xenobiotics, damage the peripheral nervous system. Understanding neurotoxicant mechanisms aids in developing detection methods and treatments for these acquired polyneuropathies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Toxic peripheral neuropathies are acquired polyneuropathies resulting from xenobiotic exposure.
  • Understanding their mechanisms is crucial for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of toxic peripheral neuropathies.
  • To elucidate the targeting of the peripheral nervous system by neurotoxicants.
  • To discuss degenerative pathways involved in these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data and hypotheses on neurotoxicant mechanisms.
  • Focus on agents causing neuronopathies, axonopathies, or myelinopathies.
  • Discussion of molecular and cellular damage mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Xenobiotics induce peripheral nerve damage through various mechanisms.
  • These include covalent/noncovalent modifications, energy compromise, oxidative injury, and ionic gradient disruption.
  • Inter-component signaling and programmed cell death pathways are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating neurotoxicant mechanisms is key to developing predictive models and interventions.
  • Targeting glia-neuron-axon signaling and programmed degeneration offers therapeutic avenues.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on toxic peripheral neuropathies.
Keywords:
Schwann cellaxon degenerationaxonopathydemyelinationmyelinopathyneuronopathytoxic neuropathy

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