Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Radiation Planning Assistant - A Streamlined, Fully Automated Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System
Published on: April 11, 2018
RADIATE - Radial Dysplasia Assessment, Treatment and Aetiology: protocol for the development of a core outcome set
George R F Murphy1,2, Malcolm Logan3, Gill Smith4
1Department of Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. george.murphy@gosh.nhs.uk.
Insights
This study establishes a core outcome set for radial dysplasia (RD), a congenital upper limb anomaly. This will standardize outcome measurement for improved treatment of children with RD.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Congenital Anomalies
- Outcomes Research
Background:
- Radial dysplasia (RD) is a congenital upper limb anomaly with varied surgical treatments and no established core outcome set.
- Current literature on RD is characterized by retrospective studies with heterogeneous outcome measurement.
- A systematic review highlighted significant variability in outcome assessment for RD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a core outcome set for radial dysplasia (RD).
- To address uncertainty in the optimal treatment of forearm and hand anomalies in children with RD.
- To standardize outcome measurement in RD research and clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- A three-round online Delphi process involving patients, parents, hand surgeons, and therapists.
- Outcomes list derived from a systematic review and stakeholder input.
- Consensus on outcome definitions will be ratified at a final meeting, followed by instrument selection using COSMIN guidelines.
Main Results:
- (Study ongoing, results to be determined)
Conclusions:
- The RADIATE study aims to provide a standardized approach to outcome measurement in radial dysplasia.
- Establishing a core outcome set will facilitate evidence-based treatment decisions for RD.
Background:
Radial dysplasia (RD) is a disfiguring, potentially disabling congenital upper limb anomaly. Multiple surgical techniques are in current use, with little agreement on the optimal treatment approach. At present, no core outcome set exists specifically for RD, and the literature is dominated by retrospective case series. A recent systematic review by this group demonstrated significant heterogeneity on which outcomes are measured and how they are measured.
Methods/Design:
The RADIATE study will conduct a three-round online Delphi process, involving adult RD patients, the parents of children with RD, hand surgeons and hand therapists. The initial list of outcomes was drawn from our recent systematic review and will be supplemented by suggestions from the stakeholder groups. Following the Delphi process, outcomes that meet the consensus in definition will be ratified at a final consensus meeting. We will then follow the COSMIN guidelines to select outcome measurement instruments. Where appropriate, these will overlap with the outcome measures specified in the forthcoming standard set for congenital upper limb anomalies published by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement.
Discussion:
The Radial Dysplasia Assessment, Treatment and Aetiology (RADIATE) study aims to address the uncertainty in the treatment of RD, and to begin to answer the question 'What is the most appropriate treatment of the forearm and hand for children with RD?' by establishing a core outcome set.
Trial Registration:
COMET initiative study, 902 . Registered in May 2016.
Related Concept Videos
Surveys
Assessment of radial pulse
The radial pulse, located at the wrist, is often the preferred site for assessing peripheral pulse because of its accessibility and dependability. The process of determining the radial pulse involves several steps:
Assessment of apical radial pulse
The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
Pre-Procedural Preparation
Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys
The Nucleosome Core Particle
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
Biological Effects of Radiation

