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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER01:29

Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER

ER is the primary site for the maturation and folding of soluble and transmembrane secretory proteins. The calnexin cycle is a specific chaperone system that folds and assesses the confirmation of N-glycosylated proteins before they can exit the ER lumen. The primary players of this quality check pipeline are the lectins, ER-resident chaperones, and a glucosyl transferase enzyme. In case the calnexin system in the lumen fails to salvage a misfolded protein, it is transported to the cytoplasm...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Genetic and Biochemical Approaches for In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of Protein Oligomerization: The Ryanodine Receptor Case Study
12:43

Genetic and Biochemical Approaches for In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of Protein Oligomerization: The Ryanodine Receptor Case Study

Published on: July 27, 2016

It's time to look more closely at RYR3.

Caitlin Sedwick

    The Journal of General Physiology
    |June 12, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ryanodine receptor 3 plays a crucial role in the function of extraocular muscles, according to a Journal of General Physiology study. This finding highlights the receptor's importance for eye movement control.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Extraocular muscles are responsible for precise eye movements.
    • Ryanodine receptors are intracellular calcium channels critical for muscle contraction.
    • The specific role of ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3) in extraocular muscle physiology is not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the function of ryanodine receptor 3 in extraocular muscle.
    • To determine the impact of RYR3 on muscle contractility and eye movement.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized genetic mouse models with altered RYR3 expression.
    • Performed electrophysiological recordings of muscle activity.
    • Analyzed muscle fiber structure and calcium signaling.

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    Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC

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    Functional Characterization of Endogenously Expressed Human RYR1 Variants
    07:59

    Functional Characterization of Endogenously Expressed Human RYR1 Variants

    Published on: June 9, 2021

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

    Genetic and Biochemical Approaches for In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of Protein Oligomerization: The Ryanodine Receptor Case Study
    12:43

    Genetic and Biochemical Approaches for In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of Protein Oligomerization: The Ryanodine Receptor Case Study

    Published on: July 27, 2016

    Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC
    09:15

    Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC

    Published on: May 9, 2020

    Functional Characterization of Endogenously Expressed Human RYR1 Variants
    07:59

    Functional Characterization of Endogenously Expressed Human RYR1 Variants

    Published on: June 9, 2021

    Main Results:

    • RYR3 knockout mice exhibited impaired extraocular muscle function.
    • Reduced contractility and altered calcium release dynamics were observed in RYR3-deficient muscles.
    • Specific defects in eye movement coordination were noted.

    Conclusions:

    • Ryanodine receptor 3 is essential for normal extraocular muscle function.
    • RYR3 plays a key role in regulating calcium release necessary for precise eye movements.
    • Targeting RYR3 may offer therapeutic potential for certain ophthalmological conditions.