Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery
Published on: August 12, 2021
Optimal monitor positioning and camera rotation angle for mirror image: overcoming reverse alignment during
Susumu Miura1, Taro Oshikiri2, Yukiko Miura2
1Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan. smiura@med.kobe-u.ac.jp.
Abstract:
Mirror image is one of the most difficult situations that the assistant surgeon encounters in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether task performance with mirror images improves by changing the position of the monitor and the rotation angle of the camera. Twenty-four surgeons performed the task under different conditions: Coaxial image (C), Mirror image (M), Mirror image + Monitor on the left side of participants (M + Mon), Mirror image + Camera rotated 90 degrees to the right (M + Cam), and Mirror image + Monitor on the left side + Camera rotated to the right (M + Mon + Cam) in a training box. The outcome measure was the mean time for completing the task. The mean time for completing the task, in decreasing order, was M (111.4 ± 58.9 seconds) > M + Mon (70.5 ± 29.4 seconds) > M + Cam (47.1 ± 17.1 seconds) > M + Mon + Cam (33.4 ± 10.3 seconds) > C (20.5 ± 3.5 seconds). (multivariable analysis of variance (MANOVA), p = 7.9 × 10-7) Task performance with mirror images improved by changing the monitor positioning and camera rotation angle. This novel method is a simple way to overcome mirror image in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Related Concept Videos
Contact Angle
The adhesive force is the molecular force between molecules of different materials, that is, between the molecules of the solid and the liquid. The cohesive...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Kinematic Equations for Rotation
For instance, imagine a point A on a rigid body engaged in circular motion. The translational velocity of this particular point can be calculated by taking the time derivatives of the displacement equation, which essentially measures the...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems
Position-effect Variegation
Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

