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Factors affecting HLA expression: A review.

B Sean Carey1, Kay Victoria Poulton2, Anthony Poles1

  • 1Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Combined Laboratory, University Hospitals Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.

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|June 12, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measuring circulating human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-specific antibodies and cellular HLA expression is crucial for transplant risk assessment. Combining these measures can improve patient management and prevent transplant rejection.

Keywords:
DNAcell - immunologygene - expressiongeneticsgenomicshuman leucocyte antigenimmune responsetranscription

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Area of Science:

  • Transplant Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Circulating human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-specific antibodies and pretransplant cross-matches are vital for transplant management.
  • Current methods assume HLA-specific antibodies are the sole variable in transplant risk, overlooking cellular expression factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of current transplant risk assessment methods.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering cellular HLA expression alongside antibody detection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing knowledge on HLA antigen expression and regulation.
  • Discussion of factors influencing HLA expression, including promoter proteins (NLRC5, CIITA), polymorphisms, and post-transcriptional modifications.

Main Results:

  • HLA expression varies significantly due to complex regulatory mechanisms.
  • Factors like promoter region polymorphisms, alternative splicing, methylation, and microRNA degradation affect HLA protein quantity.
  • Prediction of HLA regulation is challenging due to multiple interacting control mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Assessing only circulating HLA antibodies provides an incomplete picture of transplant risk.
  • Integrating measurements of cellular HLA antigen expression with antibody levels will enable a more accurate risk assessment algorithm.
  • This integrated approach can lead to improved patient management and reduced transplant rejection.