Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...

Atomic Orbitals

Atomic Orbitals

An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

Atomic Mass

Atomic Mass

Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.

Transfer Function in Control Systems

Transfer Function in Control Systems

The transfer function is a fundamental concept in the analysis and design of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It offers a concise way to understand how a system responds to different inputs in the frequency domain. It serves as a bridge between the time-domain differential equations that describe system dynamics and the frequency-domain representation that facilitates easier manipulation and analysis.
To derive the transfer function, consider a general nth-order linear time-invariant...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Resonant cavity interband cascade light-emitting devices operating beyond 4 µm with high spectral intensity.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Tailoring Phonon-Driven Responses in α-MoO<sub>3</sub> through Isotopic Enrichment.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Theoretical optimization of mid-infrared interband cascade lasers for amplitude modulated frequency comb generation.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Multiresonant Nondispersive Infrared Gas Sensing: Breaking the Selectivity and Sensitivity Trade-Off.

ACS photonics·2026

Same author

Understanding Coupling in Hierarchically Doped Plasmonic Nanocrystal Metamaterials.

ACS materials Au·2026

Same author

Substrate-Directed Underlayer Growth of Bilayer MoS<sub>2</sub> Revealed by Mo Isotope Labeling.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Reconfigurable 2D Floating-Gate Field-Effect Transistors with Graphene-Induced Interfacial Polarization for Unified Memory-Logic Integration.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Bioinstructive Hybrid Scaffold Integrating Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Akt and Complementary Survival Pathways for Kidney Regeneration.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Robust Quantum Cutting via Halide-Bearing Ligand Passivation and Gradient Halide Reconstruction for Ultrabroadband Ultraviolet-to-Near-Infrared Photodetection and Imaging.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Engineering Interferon-γ-Enhanced Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophages via Lipid-Assisted Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Self-Assembly of Dual-Metal-Substituted Polyoxometalates into Two-Dimensional Superstructures for Highly Selective Electrocatalytic Imine Synthesis.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

Dual-Function Halide Exchange Strategy for Simultaneous Sn<sup>4+</sup> Elimination and Stability Enhancement in Pb-Sn Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells.

ACS nano·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: July 18, 2025

Controlling the Infrared Dielectric Function through Atomic-Scale Heterostructures.

Daniel C Ratchford¹, Christopher J Winta², Ioannis Chatzakis³

¹U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , D.C. 20375 , United States.

|June 12, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) by tuning optic phonon frequencies in AlN/GaN superlattices. This breakthrough enables custom infrared optics and devices by controlling material properties at the atomic scale.

Keywords:

infrared interface phonon optic phonons polar semiconductor second harmonic generation superlattice surface phonon polaritons

More Related Videos

Characterizing Individual Protein Aggregates by Infrared Nanospectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

Characterizing Individual Protein Aggregates by Infrared Nanospectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: September 12, 2019

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: July 18, 2025

Characterizing Individual Protein Aggregates by Infrared Nanospectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

Characterizing Individual Protein Aggregates by Infrared Nanospectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: September 12, 2019

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

Area of Science:

Nanophotonics and Materials Science
Exploration of surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) in the infrared (IR) spectral region.

Background:

Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) are crucial for nanophotonics, but their properties are typically fixed by material choice.
The spectral positions of optic phonon frequencies dictate SPhP characteristics, limiting tunability.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the alteration of optic phonon frequencies using atomic-scale superlattices (SLs) of polar semiconductors.
To investigate the impact of layer thicknesses on phonon frequencies and vibrational modes in AlN/GaN SLs.
To explore the potential for designing distinct dielectric functions and tunable IR optics.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of atomic-scale AlN/GaN superlattices (SLs).
Utilized second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy to analyze optic phonon frequencies.
Investigated the dependence of phonon frequencies on constituent layer thicknesses.

Main Results:

Demonstrated strong dependence of optic phonon frequencies on layer thicknesses in AlN/GaN SLs.
Observed new vibrational modes confined to layers and at interfaces.
AlN/GaN SLs exhibit multiple Reststrahlen bands with normal/extreme hyperbolic dispersion and tunable permittivities.

Conclusions:

Controlling optic phonons in SLs allows for the design of unique dielectric functions beyond constituent materials or effective medium approximations.
Atomic-scale SLs offer a pathway to engineer SPhP properties for tunable IR optics and multifunctional devices.
This research advances the development of user-defined, actively tunable infrared optics and sources.