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Short-term false memories vary as a function of list type.
Dawn M McBride1, Jennifer H Coane2, Shuofeng Xu2
1Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|June 12, 2019
Summary
Short-term false memories, or recalling items that were not presented, occur faster than previously thought. Phonological lists, which sound alike, trigger more false memories than semantic lists, which have similar meanings.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Memory Research
- False Memory Formation
Background:
- False memories are typically studied using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) procedure at long delays.
- Emerging research indicates meaning-based false memories can occur at very short delays (1-4 seconds).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the underlying processes contributing to short-term false memories.
- To compare false memory formation in semantic versus phonological lists and hybrid combinations.
Main Methods:
- Experiment 1: Presented participants with semantic and phonological word lists to assess false memory rates.
- Experiment 2: Utilized hybrid lists, mixing semantic and phonological associates, to examine interaction effects.
- Analyzed false alarm rates to determine the influence of list type and item association.
Main Results:
- Phonological lists produced significantly more false memories than semantic lists in Experiment 1.
- An asymmetrical hyper-additive effect was observed in Experiment 2: phonological associates increased false alarms in semantic lists, but semantic associates did not impact false alarms in phonological lists.
Conclusions:
- Short-term false memories are influenced by phonological similarity, occurring more readily than with semantic similarity.
- Findings support the activation-monitoring account of false memory creation over fuzzy trace theory, particularly for phonological false memories.
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