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The challenge hypothesis in insects.

Elizabeth A Tibbetts1, Emily C Laub1, Anthony G E Mathiron2

  • 1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Hormones and Behavior
|June 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The challenge hypothesis explains how social environments affect hormone levels. Insects, like vertebrates, adjust juvenile hormone (JH) during competition, supporting this hypothesis in endocrinology.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Comparative Physiology

Background:

  • The challenge hypothesis posits that hormone titers, particularly testosterone, fluctuate with social environments to balance reproductive benefits against costs to immunity and parental care.
  • While extensively studied in vertebrates, similar social modulation of hormones is increasingly observed in insects, specifically juvenile hormone (JH).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate research on the social modulation of hormone titers in both vertebrates and insects.
  • To explore the functional parallels between androgens in vertebrates and juvenile hormone (JH) in insects.
  • To highlight future research directions for insect endocrinology concerning social hormone modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating studies on vertebrate and insect hormone responses to social stimuli.
  • Analysis of functional similarities between androgens and juvenile hormone (JH).
  • Examination of evidence for rapid JH titer changes in insects during social competition and based on contest outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Insects, particularly during social competition, rapidly upregulate juvenile hormone (JH) titers.
  • JH titers in insects can be modulated by contest outcomes, with winners increasing JH and losers decreasing it.
  • These insect responses parallel androgenic responses observed in vertebrates under similar social conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The challenge hypothesis offers a valuable framework for hypothesis-driven research in insect endocrinology.
  • Comparing hormone modulation in vertebrates and insects provides insights into the evolution of hormone responsiveness.
  • The study underscores the generality of the challenge hypothesis across diverse taxa.