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Allergic rhinitis is associated with complex alterations in high-density lipoprotein composition and function.

Athina Trakaki1, Gunter J Sturm2, Gudrun Pregartner3

  • 1Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.

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Allergic rhinitis alters high-density lipoprotein (HDL) composition, reducing its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. However, HDL from allergic rhinitis patients shows an enhanced ability to suppress eosinophil responses.

Keywords:
Allergic rhinitisEosinophilsHigh-density lipoproteinMonocytesNuclear factor-κBParaoxonase

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Lipidology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are known to modulate immune responses, but their specific role in allergies remains unclear.
  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) involves late-phase inflammation with monocyte and eosinophil infiltration, potentially linked to HDL dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of allergic rhinitis on the composition and function of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs).
  • To characterize HDL from AR patients and compare it with healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Compositional and functional analyses of isolated HDL and apolipoprotein (apo) B-depleted serum from AR patients (n=43) and healthy controls (n=20).
  • Assays included measurements of antioxidant capacity, cytokine secretion, enzyme activities (paraoxonase, cholesteryl-ester transfer protein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase), cholesterol efflux, and eosinophil effector responses.
  • Mass spectrometry and biochemical analyses were used to determine HDL components.

Main Results:

  • HDL from AR patients exhibited reduced antioxidant capacity and impaired suppression of monocyte nuclear factor-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β).
  • AR-HDL showed decreased paraoxonase and cholesteryl-ester transfer protein activities, increased lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity, but unchanged lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity and cholesterol efflux.
  • AR-HDL displayed reduced levels of apoA-I and phosphatidylcholine, but increased apoA-II, triglycerides, and lyso-phosphatidylcholine, alongside an enhanced ability to suppress eosinophil responses to eotaxin-2/CCL24.

Conclusions:

  • Allergic rhinitis significantly alters HDL composition, leading to diminished anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Despite functional impairments, HDL from AR patients demonstrates an improved capacity to suppress eosinophil effector responses.