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Updated: Jan 23, 2026
Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
Published on: June 23, 2019
Synthesis of 1-benzyl-1H-benzimidazoles as galectin-1 mediated anticancer agents
Nerella Sridhar Goud1, S Mahammad Ghouse1, Jatoth Vishnu2
1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
Abstract:
In our pursuit to develop novel non-carbohydrate small molecule Galectin-1 Inhibitors, we have designed a series of 1-benzyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives and demonstrated their anticancer activity. The compound 6g, 4-(1-benzyl-5-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) benzamide was found to be most potent with an IC50 of 7.01 ± 0.20 µM and arresting MCF-7 cell growth at G2/M phase and S phase. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by morphological changes like cell shrinkage, blebbing and cell wall deformation, dose dependent increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ROS levels. Further, dose dependent decrease in Gal-1 protein levels proves Gal-1 mediated apoptosis by 6g. Molecular docking studies were performed to understand the Gal-1 interaction with compound 6g. In addition, RP-HPLC studies showed 85.44% of 6g binding to Gal-1. Binding affinity studies by fluorescence spectroscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) showed that 6g binds to Gal-1 with binding constant (Ka) of 1.2 × 104 M-1 and equilibrium constant KD value of 5.76 × 10-4 M respectively.
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