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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Military Medicine
  • Perinatal Outcomes

Background:

  • Increased number of women serving in the military post-9/11.
  • Growing population of reproductive-aged women Veterans exiting service.
  • High burden of physical and mental health conditions, including trauma, among women Veterans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review existing research on pregnancy and obstetric outcomes in women Veterans.
  • Highlight unique perinatal concerns due to prevalent mental health conditions.
  • Inform current research and programmatic efforts within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

Main Methods:

  • Review of limited but growing body of research.
  • Analysis of contemporary large-scale birth data (California).
  • Comparison of outcomes between Veterans utilizing VA healthcare and non-Veterans.

Main Results:

  • Pregnant Veterans exhibit increased risk for preterm birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes.
  • Veterans using VA healthcare showed higher rates of preeclampsia and Cesarean delivery.
  • Infants born to Veterans had a greater likelihood of requiring Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) care.

Conclusions:

  • Unique health profiles of pregnant Veterans, including PTSD, are linked to adverse perinatal outcomes.
  • Coordination of VA and non-VA care for Veteran mothers is crucial.
  • Further research is needed to address upstream factors contributing to poorer outcomes.