Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

64.3K
The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
64.3K
Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration01:23

Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration

2.0K
The Physiology of Expiration: A Seamless Respiratory Process
Expiration, or exhaling, is a complex physiological process that begins as the inspiratory muscles begin to relax. This relaxation triggers a series of events that epitomize the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Mechanism of Expiration:
2.0K
Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration01:30

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

3.1K
Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
3.1K
Health Literacy01:21

Health Literacy

5.2K
Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
5.2K
Air-entraining Agents01:27

Air-entraining Agents

262
Air-entraining agents improve the durability and workability of concrete in climates with frequent freezing and thawing. These agents prevent cracks by introducing small air bubbles into the mix, creating spaces accommodating water expansion when temperatures drop. The air-entraining agents lower the surface tension of water, forming stable, small air bubbles. This method is more effective than having accidental large voids, as the intentional, smaller, and evenly distributed air voids improve...
262
Purpose of Health Records I01:11

Purpose of Health Records I

1.8K
The vital purpose of health records is to provide a complete and accurate account of a patient's medical history, including communication, diagnostic and therapeutic orders, care planning, research, and quality review.
Here's a breakdown of how health records serve these purposes:
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microcell-mediated transfer of chromosome 4 into HeLa cells suppresses telomerase activity.

Genes, chromosomes & cancer·2001
Same author

Fabrication of a single-appointment emergency overdenture using failed fixed prosthetics: a case report.

Implant dentistry·2001
Same author

Quality of life after treatment for early laryngeal carcinoma.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2001
Same author

HPV16 L1E7 chimeric virus-like particles induce specific HLA-restricted T cells in humans after in vitro vaccination.

International journal of cancer·2001
Same author

Endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy without prior liposuction in 100 patients with invasive breast cancer.

Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques·2001
Same author

The application of fetal magnetocardiography (FMCG) to investigate fetal arrhythmias and congenital heart defects (CHD).

Prenatal diagnosis·2001

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

2.7K

[Breathing: Ambient Air Pollution and Health - Part II].

H Schulz1, S Karrasch1,2, G Bölke3

  • 1Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Institut für Epidemiologie, Neuherberg/München.

Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)
|June 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ambient air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), poses risks to cardiovascular health in Germany. Despite declining levels, stricter WHO standards are unmet, indicating ongoing population health hazards.

More Related Videos

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
08:23

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 9, 2018

9.3K
Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
06:09

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

2.7K
Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
08:23

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 9, 2018

9.3K
Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
06:09

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health Science
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Ambient air quality in Germany has improved over the past 20 years due to clean air measures.
  • Air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are complex mixtures from various sources.
  • While some pollutants like sulfur dioxide and benzene are no longer detected above limits, NO2 levels at urban traffic sites often exceed current regulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of Germany's current ambient air quality and its 20-year trend.
  • To introduce the effects of air pollution on the cardiovascular system and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • To assess the population's health risks from current air pollution levels, especially concerning cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ambient air quality monitoring data in Germany, focusing on PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3.
  • Synthesis of findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on air pollution and cardiovascular health.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms linking air pollutants to cardiovascular diseases.

Main Results:

  • Air pollution levels in Germany have generally declined over the past two decades.
  • Approximately 40% of urban traffic monitoring stations still exceed NO2 limits, and WHO health-based standards for PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 are not met.
  • Strong evidence links air pollution to cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke; moderate evidence exists for heart failure.
  • Air pollution exposure is associated with increased blood pressure, impaired vascular homeostasis, endothelial dysfunction, and accelerated atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Despite improvements, German air quality does not fully meet WHO health-based standards, posing ongoing risks.
  • Cardiovascular health hazards from air pollution are significant and more relevant at the population level than respiratory risks.
  • Both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution can contribute to cardiovascular disease development and adverse events, particularly in susceptible individuals.