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Engineered Gold-Based Nanomaterials: Morphologies and Functionalities in Biomedical Applications. A Mini Review.

Iole Venditti1

  • 1Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy. iole.venditti@uniroma3.it.

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|June 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Engineered gold nanomaterials with diverse shapes and surface functionalizations show promise in biomedical therapy and diagnostics. This review highlights their progress, focusing on morphology, size, and functionalization for enhanced performance.

Keywords:
diagnosticsdrug deliverygene deliverygold hollow nanoparticlesgold nanocagesgold nanocapsulesgold nanocubesgold nanoparticlesgold nanorodsgold nanostarsimagingsensingtheranosticstherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Engineered gold nanomaterials (spheres, rods, stars, cubes, hollow particles, nanocapsules) have gained prominence in biomedical applications.
  • These nanomaterials offer tunable properties through variations in shape, size, and surface functionalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in gold nanomaterials for biomedical therapy and diagnostics.
  • To elucidate the impact of morphology, size, and functionalization on nanomaterial performance.
  • To provide guidance on organizing and comparing experimental data for gold nanomaterials in biological environments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of engineered gold-based nanomaterials.
  • Analysis of various morphologies, sizes, and surface functionalizations.
  • Discussion of chemical-physical parameters governing nanomaterial-biological interactions.

Main Results:

  • Gold nanomaterials exhibit diverse morphologies and functionalizations for improved sensing, drug delivery, and targeted therapy.
  • Surface modifications enhance capabilities for drug loading, controlled release, and specific cell receptor targeting.
  • Key chemical-physical parameters are identified that influence gold nanomaterial interactions with biological systems.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in tailoring gold nanomaterials for advanced biomedical applications.
  • Further research is needed to optimize nanomaterial design and understand complex biological interactions.
  • This field presents numerous opportunities and challenges for future innovation in nanomedicine.