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Effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in children by vaccine dose, 2013-18

Masayoshi Shinjoh1, Norio Sugaya2, Munehiro Furuichi1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

Vaccine
|June 13, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) provides effective protection against influenza in children. Both one and two doses are effective, with two doses showing better protection against influenza B in certain seasons.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Influenza remains a significant public health concern for children.
  • The inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) is widely used, but optimal dosing strategies require further investigation.
  • In Japan, two doses of IIV are recommended for children aged 6 months to 12 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of IIV by vaccine dose in children aged 6 months to 12 years.
  • To determine the appropriate vaccine dosage for pediatric influenza prevention.

Main Methods:

  • A test-negative case-control design was employed using rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) results.
  • Data were collected from children aged 6 months to 12 years presenting with fever (≥38°C) at 24 hospitals over five seasons (since 2013/14).
  • Vaccine effectiveness was analyzed comparing no dose vs. one dose, no dose vs. two doses, and one dose vs. two doses.

Main Results:

  • A total of 20,033 children were included in the dose analysis.
  • Both one- and two-dose regimens significantly reduced influenza cases (any, A, and B), with no significant difference between one and two doses overall.
  • The two-dose regimen demonstrated significantly higher effectiveness against influenza B during specific seasons (2013/14, 2015/16, 2016/17).

Conclusions:

  • Both one- and two-dose regimens of IIV are effective in preventing influenza in children aged 6 months to 12 years.
  • The two-dose regimen offers enhanced protection against influenza B in certain seasons.
  • These findings support the use of IIV in pediatric populations, with consideration for seasonal variations in effectiveness.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenEffectivenessHospitalizationInfluenza vaccineTest-negative case controlVaccine dose

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