Cell death-mediated cytokine release and its therapeutic implications

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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
12:12

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 16, 2011

14.0K

David E Place1, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti2

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|June 13, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Regulated cell death pathways like pyroptosis and necroptosis, distinct from apoptosis, release immune signals. Understanding these pathways and their key molecules, GSDMD and MLKL, offers new therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Apoptosis targeting has advanced disease treatment.
  • Alternative regulated cell death forms, pyroptosis and necroptosis, are increasingly recognized.
  • These lytic cell death pathways differ from apoptosis, characterized by cell lysis and release of immune-modulating components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and necroptosis.
  • To explore the role of these pathways in disease pathogenesis.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within these cell death cascades.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pyroptosis and necroptosis.
  • Analysis of molecular executioners GSDMD and MLKL.
  • Examination of cytokine release (IL-1, IL-18) and immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Pyroptosis and necroptosis involve distinct molecular cascades.
  • These pathways release potent immune cytokines (IL-1, IL-18).
  • GSDMD and MLKL are key executioners in inflammatory disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding pyroptosis and necroptosis provides novel therapeutic targets.
  • Targeting GSDMD and MLKL shows potential for managing inflammatory diseases.
  • Interplay between cell death pathways is physiologically significant.

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