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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

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Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
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Electromotive Force02:36

Electromotive Force

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Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled  that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc  with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...
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Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

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Wearable step counting using a force myography-based ankle strap.

Kelvin Ht Chu1, Xianta Jiang1, Carlo Menon1

  • 1MENRVA Research Group, Schools of Mechatronic Systems Engineering and Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, Canada.

Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering
|June 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Force myography accurately detects low-speed steps, offering a reliable solution for older adults. This technology overcomes limitations of traditional step counters for low-activity individuals.

Keywords:
Force myographyforce-sensing resistor bandgait analysisolder adultspedometer

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology
  • Human Movement Analysis

Background:

  • Accelerometer-based step counters struggle with low-speed walking (<2.2 km/h), limiting their use for older adults.
  • Accurate activity monitoring is crucial for assessing the health and mobility of diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using ankle-based force myography for detecting low-speed steps.
  • To evaluate force myography as a potential pedometer for individuals with reduced walking speeds.

Main Methods:

  • Eight healthy participants walked at 1, 1.5, and 2.0 km/h on a treadmill.
  • Force myography signals were captured using an ankle-worn strap with force sensors.
  • K-nearest neighbor and three other machine learning models were used for step detection analysis.

Main Results:

  • The force myography system demonstrated a low step detection error rate (<1.5%) across all tested low walking speeds.
  • Machine learning algorithms effectively processed the force myography data for accurate step counting.

Conclusions:

  • Ankle-based force myography is a feasible technology for reliable low-speed step counting.
  • This approach shows significant potential for accurate activity monitoring in populations with limited mobility.