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Normal stress difference-driven particle focusing in nanoparticle colloidal dispersion.

Bookun Kim1, Sung Sik Lee2,3, Tae Hyeon Yoo4

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We observed that polystyrene beads in silica nanoparticle dispersion migrate and focus due to normal stress differences in microtube flow. This reveals non-Newtonian behavior and elastic properties in colloidal dispersions at low Péclet numbers.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Interface Science
  • Rheology
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Colloidal dispersions exhibit elastic properties from Brownian motion, but experimental evidence of normal stress differences is scarce, especially at low Péclet numbers (Pe < 1).
  • Understanding these properties is crucial for applications involving complex fluids like blood plasma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate and characterize the elastic properties of colloidal dispersions using normal stress differences.
  • To investigate the non-Newtonian behavior of nanoparticle dispersions under shear in microfluidic flow.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing pressure-driven microtube flow of a silica nanoparticle dispersion (8 nm radius; 22% v/v) containing single micrometer-sized polystyrene beads.
  • Analyzing the lateral migration and stream formation of polystyrene beads as indicators of normal stress differences and non-Newtonian behavior.
  • Measuring the ultrashort relaxation time (2 μs) of the nanoparticle dispersion.

Main Results:

  • Single polystyrene beads laterally migrated and formed a tightly focused stream, indicating significant normal stress differences.
  • The nanoparticle dispersion, despite its short relaxation time, exhibited notable non-Newtonian behavior due to large shear strain on the beads.
  • Secondary flow, perpendicular to the main flow, was generated in a noncircular conduit, attributed to the dispersion's unique rheological properties.

Conclusions:

  • Normal stress differences in colloidal dispersions can be effectively generated and observed even at low Péclet numbers.
  • The study elucidates the elastic properties of complex fluids, such as protein solutions in blood plasma, through colloidal dynamics.
  • This work provides experimental evidence for non-Newtonian behavior in nanoparticle dispersions and highlights the role of normal stress differences in microfluidic phenomena.