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Related Concept Videos

What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
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In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Analysis of Human Natural Killer Cell Metabolism
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What we should know about natural killer/T-cell lymphomas.

Jie Xiong1,2, Weili Zhao1,2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai, China.

Hematological Oncology
|June 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Natural-killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive extranodal lymphoma. System biology reveals genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and Epstein-Barr virus links, guiding personalized treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Natural-killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a prevalent and aggressive extranodal lymphoma.
  • System biology approaches offer new perspectives on NKTCL pathogenesis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular underpinnings of NKTCL.
  • To review current risk stratification and therapeutic strategies.
  • To highlight future research directions for precision medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) for chromosomal deletions.
  • Whole-exome sequencing (WES) for somatic gene mutations.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for genetic associations.

Main Results:

  • Frequent 6q21 deletion identified.
  • Recurrent mutations in RNA helicases, tumor suppressors, JAK-STAT pathway, and epigenetic modifiers found.
  • Strongest association of HLA-DPB1 rs9277378 with lymphomagenesis reported.
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) identified as a major etiological factor.

Conclusions:

  • NKTCL pathogenesis involves genetic alterations, epigenetic dysregulation, and EBV.
  • Risk stratification models and diverse therapeutic strategies exist.
  • Future research should focus on EBV, biomarkers, and clinical trials for personalized NKTCL treatment.