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Related Concept Videos

Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

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The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
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FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs01:26

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Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors01:18

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Drug binding to proteins is a complex phenomenon influenced by various drug-related factors, each playing a significant role in the interaction between drugs and proteins within the body.
One crucial factor in drug-protein binding is the drug's lipophilicity or its affinity for fat. More lipophilic drugs tend to have higher binding extents. For example, highly lipophilic drugs like cloxacillin exhibit substantial protein binding, with as much as 95% of the drug binding to proteins. In...
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New drugs for old targets.

Gilles Salles1,2

  • 1Service d'Hématologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Hematological Oncology
|June 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

New antibody therapies targeting antigens like CD19 and CD20 show variable success, highlighting the need for better understanding of their mechanisms of action and combination strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Development of novel antibody-based therapies, including naked, toxin-armed, and radionuclide-armed antibodies, has increased.
  • Targets such as CD19 and CD20 have been central to these advancements in active agent development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and understand the mode of action of newly developed antibodies.
  • To explore combination strategies involving these antibodies with other agents, particularly immunomodulators.

Main Methods:

  • Investigational studies on novel antibody agents.
  • Characterization of antibody mechanisms of action.
  • Preclinical and clinical combination studies.

Main Results:

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  • Variable success rates observed for new antibody developments.
  • Promising preliminary results from combination studies with immunomodulatory agents.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mode of action of these antibody therapies.
  • Combination therapies hold potential for enhancing treatment outcomes in targeted antigen-directed therapies.