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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Rigid Coplanar Polymers for Stable n-Type Polymer Thermoelectrics.

Yang Lu1, Zi-Di Yu1, Run-Zhi Zhang2

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

New rigid conjugated polymers, LPPV-1 and LPPV-2, achieve high n-doping efficiency and stability. This breakthrough enhances n-type polymer thermoelectric performance, addressing limitations in current materials.

Keywords:
dopingorganic thermoelectricspolymersstructure elucidationsynthetic methods

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Energy Conversion

Background:

  • N-type conjugated polymers suffer from low doping efficiency and poor stability, hindering their thermoelectric performance compared to p-type counterparts.
  • Developing stable and efficient n-type organic thermoelectric materials is crucial for advancing energy harvesting technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel rigid, coplanar poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives for improved n-type thermoelectric applications.
  • To investigate the effect of molecular structure, specifically planar backbones and low-lying LUMO levels, on doping efficiency and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two rigid coplanar PPV derivatives, LPPV-1 and LPPV-2, with nearly torsion-free backbones.
  • Characterization of their structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties before and after doping.
  • Assessment of air stability and doping efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized polymers exhibit fused, electron-deficient rigid structures, leading to reduced conformational disorder and low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels (down to -4.49 eV).
  • Achieved high n-doping efficiency and significantly improved air stability for both polymers.
  • LPPV-1 demonstrated high conductivity (1.1 S/cm) and a power factor (1.96 μW/mK²), with only a 2% degradation in power factor after 7 days of air exposure.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a successful strategy for designing high-performance, air-stable n-type polymer thermoelectrics through planar backbones and low LUMO levels.
  • The developed PPV derivatives show great potential for practical applications in organic thermoelectric devices.
  • This work paves the way for overcoming the limitations of current n-type conjugated polymers in thermoelectric applications.