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Related Concept Videos

Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

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Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
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Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
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Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
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Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Murine Dermal Fibroblast Isolation by FACS
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Murine Dermal Fibroblast Isolation by FACS

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Visual loss from dermal fillers.

Rohit Jolly1,2, Minak Bhalla1,2, Rahila Zakir1

  • 1Western Eye Hospital, London, UK.

European Journal of Ophthalmology
|June 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dermal filler injections can cause serious eye complications like vision loss and ptosis. Current UK regulations and accountability for unregistered practitioners are insufficient, leaving patients with poor treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Dermal fillernon-surgical rhinoplastyophthalmic artery occlusionvisual loss

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Aesthetic Medicine

Background:

  • Non-surgical aesthetic procedures, including botulinum toxin and dermal filler injections, are increasingly popular.
  • Dermal fillers pose a higher risk of serious complications compared to botulinum toxin injections.

Observation:

  • A 29-year-old woman experienced sudden visual loss, ptosis, and ophthalmoplegia after a non-surgical rhinoplasty.
  • The procedure was performed in a beauty salon by an unregistered healthcare professional.

Findings:

  • Prompt medical intervention did not resolve the patient's ophthalmic complications.
  • Attempts to report the incident to authorities were unsuccessful.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the poor treatment outcomes for filler-related ophthalmic complications.
  • The UK demonstrates inadequate regulation of aesthetic products, lacking clear complication management guidelines and accountability for unregistered practitioners.