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Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Onset, Risk Factors, and Protective Factors

Ann Roselle

    Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
    |June 13, 2019
    PubMed

    Insights

    Diagnosing bipolar disorder in children has evolved, with new considerations for early-onset cases and the inclusion of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) to prevent overdiagnosis. Understanding developmental symptom variations is crucial for effective pediatric mental health care.

    Area of Science:

    • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Mental Health Nursing

    Background:

    • Bipolar disorder diagnosis in children has evolved significantly over time.
    • Early-onset and very early-onset bipolar disorder present unique diagnostic challenges.
    • Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) was introduced to refine pediatric mood disorder diagnoses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the historical evolution of diagnosing childhood bipolar disorder.
    • To examine the diagnostic shift including DMDD and its rationale.
    • To discuss risk and protective factors in pediatric bipolar disorder and implications for advanced practice.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and critical discussion of diagnostic criteria evolution.
    • Analysis of symptom presentation across developmental stages.
    • Examination of risk and protective factors and their supporting evidence.

    Main Results:

    • The diagnosis of childhood bipolar disorder has become more nuanced.
    • DMDD inclusion aims to mitigate overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in youth.
    • Limited data exists regarding protective factors for pediatric bipolar disorder.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis requires understanding developmental symptom variations.
    • Advanced practice registered nurses need to be aware of diagnostic shifts for seamless transition care.
    • Further research is needed on protective factors for children with bipolar disorder.

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