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Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand, use...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Generation of Zerovalent Metal Core Nanoparticles Using n-2-aminoethyl-3-aminosilanetriol

Generation of Zerovalent Metal Core Nanoparticles Using n-2-aminoethyl-3-aminosilanetriol

Published on: February 11, 2016

Controllable Wrinkling Patterns on Chitosan Microspheres Generated from Self-Assembling Metal Nanoparticles.

Xichao Liang¹, Mengyue Gao¹, Hongxia Xie¹

¹College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|June 13, 2019

Summary

Researchers created wrinkled microspheres from natural chitosan and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). These novel 3D structures enhance surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals for advanced applications.

Keywords:

Ag self-assembly controllable wrinkling surface surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy swelling and deswelling wrinkled microsphere

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Published on: October 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Micro/nanoscale surface wrinkles impart unique material properties.
Controllable wrinkle fabrication is crucial for advanced material design.
Natural polysaccharides offer sustainable building blocks for novel materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for creating controllable surface wrinkled microspheres using natural polysaccharides.
To investigate the properties and potential applications of these wrinkled microspheres.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of chitosan microspheres (approx. 55 μm) in an alkali/urea aqueous solution.
Layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, approx. 5 nm) onto swelled chitosan microspheres.
Controlled deswelling to induce wrinkling due to differential swelling behaviors between the Ag NP shell and chitosan core.

Main Results:

Successfully fabricated surface wrinkled microspheres with controllable wrinkling patterns (60–300 nm).
The wrinkled microspheres exhibit a hierarchically porous structure and hydrophobicity.
Demonstrated superior performance as 3D surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates due to enhanced signal amplification.

Conclusions:

Chitosan and silver nanoparticles can be combined to create tunable 3D wrinkled microspheres.
The wrinkled topography significantly enhances SERS detection capabilities.
These microspheres hold promise for miniature 3D devices and diverse technological applications.