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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Structural and Functional MRI Techniques in Multiple Sclerosis Related Cognitive Dysfunction
Dessislava Iancheva1, Anastasiya Trenova1, Stefka Mantarova1,2
1Department of Neurology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Folia Medica
|June 13, 2019
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes cognitive impairment in many adults. Advanced MRI techniques help understand brain changes linked to cognitive dysfunction in MS patients.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neuroscience
- Radiology
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease affecting young adults, causing significant social impact.
- Cognitive impairment affects 40-70% of MS patients, with weak correlation to disease duration.
- Neuropsychological assessment detects cognitive dysfunction, but advanced MRI is crucial for understanding its etiology and evolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques.
- To highlight the value of functional MRI in understanding cognitive deficits in MS.
- To explore the link between cognitive decline and cortical reorganization in MS.
Main Methods:
- Review of structural MRI techniques measuring brain atrophy, cortical lesions, and subcortical gray matter changes.
- Analysis of functional MRI in assessing cortical activation and reorganization.
- Synthesis of evidence on complex interactions between tissue damage, repair, and reorganization in MS.
Main Results:
- Structural MRI measures like whole brain atrophy and cortical lesions are key substrates of cognitive function in MS.
- Functional MRI provides insights into cortical activation and reorganization patterns related to cognitive deficits.
- Clinical manifestations of MS result from intricate interactions between tissue damage, repair, and reorganization.
Conclusions:
- Structural and functional MRI are essential for studying the heterogeneity of MS and its cognitive impact.
- Understanding brain morphology and function via MRI is vital for linking cognitive deficits to underlying neurological changes.
- Advanced MRI techniques offer valuable tools for investigating the etiology and progression of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
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