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Association between general and central adiposity and development of hypertension in early childhood

Maira A Ortiz-Pinto1,2,3, Honorato Ortiz-Marrón4, Isabel Ferriz-Vidal5

  • 11 Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
|June 14, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Childhood obesity, both general and abdominal, is linked to increased high blood pressure risk. Maintaining a healthy weight by age 6 mitigates this risk, highlighting the importance of weight management in early childhood.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern with potential long-term health implications.
  • High blood pressure (hypertension) in childhood is increasingly recognized and associated with adult cardiovascular disease.
  • Early identification and intervention for risk factors like obesity are crucial for preventing future health issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between general and abdominal obesity in 4-year-old children and the development of high blood pressure by age 6.
  • To analyze the impact of incident and persistent excess weight on blood pressure in early childhood.
  • To determine if weight remission affects the risk of developing high blood pressure.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study of 1796 Spanish children, followed from age 4 to 6 years.
  • Measurements included blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference.
  • Statistical analyses employed linear and logistic regressions, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • Children with general or abdominal obesity at age 4 showed increased systolic (4-5 mmHg) and diastolic (2.5-3 mmHg) blood pressure by age 6.
  • Incident and persistent excess weight (BMI) were associated with significantly higher odds of high blood pressure (OR 2.49 and 2.54, respectively).
  • Abdominal obesity also showed increased odds for incident (OR 2.81) and persistent (OR 3.42) high blood pressure, with similar trends for waist-height ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent or new-onset excess weight (BMI) and abdominal obesity in early childhood are associated with an increased risk of high blood pressure.
  • Children who achieved normal weight after initial excess weight did not show an elevated risk for high blood pressure.
  • These findings underscore the importance of addressing childhood obesity to prevent hypertension and cardiovascular complications later in life.
Abstract

Keywords:
Childhoodabdominal obesityarterial hypertensionobesity

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