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Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
Published on: May 18, 2020
[Genetic Approach of Breast Cancer]
1Dept. of Breast Surgical Oncology, St. Luke's International Hospital.
Abstract:
In July 2018, olaparib, an oral poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitor, was approved for the first time in Japan as a companion diagnostic drug for the treatment of recurrent breast cancer in BRCA-positive patients. Genetic testing had been offered only to clients who met the eligibility criteria for the test, and the decision whether or not to receive the test was based on their medical and family history, tumor characteristics, and the client's preference. With the approval of olaparib as a companion diagnostic drug, genetic testing has become a part of the standard treatment protocol. Modern technology has made multiple genetic testing possible in one setting. It is therefore necessary for medical practitioners to have the knowledge and ability to take care for familiar tumors. It may be difficult to understand all the available information on genetics, but an individualized approach for each patient would be necessary in the future. Medical practitioners involved in the treatment of such patients would need adequate knowledge on genetics and genetic counseling, as well as the ability to educate and provide information to the patients and their families. If a more specialized approach is necessary, referral to an institution with a clinical genetics department is essential.
Insights
Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, is now a standard treatment for BRCA-positive recurrent breast cancer in Japan. Genetic testing is now standard, requiring medical practitioners to update their knowledge on cancer genetics and counseling.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Olaparib, an oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, received its first approval in Japan in July 2018.
- It is indicated as a companion diagnostic drug for BRCA-positive patients with recurrent breast cancer.
- Previously, genetic testing eligibility was based on specific criteria, client preference, and clinical factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the shift in genetic testing from an optional procedure to a standard component of breast cancer treatment.
- To emphasize the evolving role of medical practitioners in managing patients undergoing genetic testing and targeted therapies.
- To underscore the necessity for enhanced knowledge in cancer genetics and genetic counseling among healthcare providers.
Main Methods:
- Review of the regulatory approval and clinical integration of olaparib as a companion diagnostic.
- Analysis of the implications of companion diagnostics on standard treatment protocols for breast cancer.
- Discussion of the educational and practical needs for medical practitioners in the era of personalized oncology.
Main Results:
- The approval of olaparib has established genetic testing as a routine part of the standard treatment protocol for eligible breast cancer patients.
- Advancements in technology now allow for comprehensive genetic testing in a single setting.
- There is an increasing need for medical practitioners to possess expertise in cancer genetics and genetic counseling.
Conclusions:
- Medical practitioners require updated knowledge and skills in genetics and genetic counseling to effectively manage patients with BRCA-positive breast cancer.
- An individualized approach to patient care, incorporating genetic information, is crucial.
- Referral to clinical genetics departments is essential for complex cases requiring specialized expertise.
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