[The Regulation of PD-L1 Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment Associated with Epithelial-Mesenchymal...

It has been clear that the clinical responses by applying immune checkpoint inhibitor alone are limited. To better improve this limited clinical response, combinational therapy has been focused. We recently reported the association between EMT related factors and PD-L1 expression in the extrahepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and its role as a surrogate biomarker for patient prognosis. We here report clinical relevance of combinational therapy of HDAC inhibitors and anti-PD-L1 antibody as an immune checkpoint inhibitors.