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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
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Aortic valve endocarditis from Enterococcus hirae infection.

Callie Gittemeier Ebeling1, Bryan Tyler Romito1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Division of Critical Care, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|June 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study documents the first U.S. case of human infective endocarditis caused by Enterococcus hirae, a rare bacterial pathogen. This finding expands our understanding of Enterococcus hirae as a potential human disease agent.

Keywords:
Aortic valve endocarditisEnterococcus hiraecritical careinfectious disease

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Area of Science:

  • Medical microbiology
  • Infectious diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci are common causes of endocarditis.
  • Accurate pathogen identification is crucial for effective endocarditis treatment.
  • Enterococcus hirae is infrequently reported as a human pathogen, often associated with avian species.

Observation:

  • A rare case of infective endocarditis in a human patient was identified.
  • The causative agent was identified as Enterococcus hirae.
  • This case occurred in the United States.

Findings:

  • This represents the first documented human Enterococcus hirae infective endocarditis case in the USA.
  • Globally, this is only the fourth reported case of human infective endocarditis attributed to Enterococcus hirae.
  • The study highlights the potential for Enterococcus hirae to cause serious human infections.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider Enterococcus hirae in the differential diagnosis of endocarditis, especially in specific patient populations.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the pathogenicity and transmission of Enterococcus hirae in humans.
  • This case underscores the importance of comprehensive microbiological identification in infectious disease management.