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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: December 4, 2016
Kounis syndrome secondary to gadolinium contrast agent
Waiel Abusnina1, Mena Shehata1, Mahmoud Abouzid1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonWest Virginia.
Abstract:
Cases of coronary artery spasm secondary to contrast agent use are rarely reported. Herein, we report the case of a 53-year-old woman who developed chest pain, dyspnea, and bradycardia and quickly become unresponsive after magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. A heart monitor showed ST elevation, and an electrocardiogram showed ST elevations in leads II, III, aVF, V3, and V4 and ST segment depression in lead I. Urgent left heart catheterization revealed no evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease or pulmonary embolism. A few days later, she was discharged from the hospital with no symptoms. A type I variant of Kounis syndrome was diagnosed.
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