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Longitudinal Neuropsychological Assessment in Two Elderly Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case
Margarete Klein1, Maria Aparecida Silva2, Gabriel Okawa Belizario1
1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Frontiers in Psychology
|June 14, 2019
Summary
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in elderly individuals may mimic cognitive decline. Longitudinal studies show fluctuating cognitive performance, not consistent decline, suggesting a less pessimistic outlook for ADHD-related cognitive changes.
Area of Science:
- Neuropsychology
- Geriatric Psychiatry
- Cognitive Neurology
Background:
- Neuropsychological deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can resemble neurocognitive disorders, complicating the assessment of cognitive decline in aging populations.
- Distinguishing ADHD-related cognitive changes from other neurocognitive disorders is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To longitudinally evaluate neuropsychological performance in elderly women with ADHD.
- To investigate the pattern of cognitive changes over time in this demographic.
- To inform clinical practice regarding the assessment of cognitive function in older adults with ADHD.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal neuropsychological assessments were conducted on two elderly women with ADHD (aged 60 and 77) over a 2-year period (2010-2013).
- Three assessments were performed at 12-15 month intervals.
- Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to exclude significant brain abnormalities.
Main Results:
- Two distinct cognitive profiles were observed, characterized by fluctuating performance in attention, memory, inhibitory control, and reaction time.
- Cognitive functions showed periods of improvement and decline, without a consistent downward trend.
- A reliable change index and multiple spaced assessments helped establish a more stable baseline cognitive profile.
Conclusions:
- The findings do not support a consistent cognitive decline in elderly individuals with ADHD.
- Cognitive fluctuations in ADHD may not necessarily indicate a prodrome of dementia.
- Clinical practice should incorporate longer follow-up periods and multiple assessments to accurately interpret cognitive changes in older adults with ADHD.
Keywords:
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disordercognitive declineelderlylongitudinal evaluationneuropsychological assessmentMore Related Videos
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