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Differentiating three Indian shads by applying shape analysis from digital images.

Arvind K Dwivedi1

  • 1National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Summary

This study used landmark-based morphometrics to differentiate three Indian shad species: Tenualosa ilisha, T. toli, and Hilsa kelee. Morphological characters proved effective for rapid species identification.

Keywords:
Hilsa keleeIndiaT. toliTenualosa ilishadiscriminant function analysismorphometric variation

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Area of Science:

  • Ichthyology
  • Fish taxonomy
  • Morphometrics

Background:

  • The taxonomic relationships among Indian shad species, Tenualosa ilisha, T. toli, and Hilsa kelee (family Clupeidae), are not fully understood.
  • Previous morphological studies have provided limited insight into their interrelationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and clarify the taxonomic relationships among three Indian shad species using advanced morphometric techniques.
  • To identify key morphological characters for accurate species discrimination.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 120 specimens of Tenualosa ilisha, T. toli, and Hilsa kelee from natural habitats.
  • Applied a truss network system with 13 landmarks to generate 77 size-adjusted morphometric characters.
  • Utilized Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) to identify discriminating variables.

Main Results:

  • Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) identified 13 significant discriminating variables.
  • The distance between the dorsal fin origin and posterior eye end was the most crucial character for species delineation.
  • Ratios of specific morphometric characters (e.g., operculum to eye distance) to standard length were significant in differentiating the species.

Conclusions:

  • Landmark-based morphometric characters derived from digital images are highly effective for discriminating between the three Indian shad species.
  • This method provides a rapid and reliable diagnostic tool for species identification in fisheries and conservation.