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Searching for the impossible: Parapsychology's elusive quest
Arthur S Reber1, James E Alcock1
1Department of Psychology.
The American Psychologist
|June 14, 2019
Summary
This critique argues that parapsychology claims, including those for psi phenomena, are scientifically invalid. The authors assert that reported effects lack ontological status due to flawed methodology or analysis.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Philosophy of Science
Background:
- A recent review in American Psychologist supported parapsychology claims.
- Parapsychology investigates purported anomalous or paranormal phenomena, collectively termed 'psi'.
- This paper presents a critical counter-perspective to the parapsychology field.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a broad-based critique of the entire parapsychology enterprise.
- To argue against the scientific validity and ontological status of psi phenomena.
Main Methods:
- Examination of parapsychological claims based on established scientific principles.
- Analysis of methodological and data analysis practices within parapsychology.
- Logical argumentation to demonstrate the impossibility of psi effects.
Main Results:
- Claims of psi phenomena are fundamentally untrue and lack existential value.
- Reported psi effects are attributed to weak methodology, improper data analysis, or Type I errors.
- Despite 150 years of research, there has been no demonstrable progress in parapsychology.
Conclusions:
- Psi phenomena cannot have ontological status and are scientifically impossible.
- The continued pursuit of parapsychology by some scientists is questioned.
- Critique highlights the need for rigorous scientific standards in investigating anomalous phenomena.
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