Child Abuse and Neglect as Risk Factors for Comorbidity Between Depression and Chronic Pain in Adulthood

It is estimated that comorbidity between depression and chronic pain reaches more than half of the depressed adult patients around the world. Evidence indicates that some stressors, such as early-life stress (ELS), mediate the co-occurrence of depression and chronic pain. This study aimed to assess whether ELS or any of its subtypes could be considered as risk factors for comorbidity between depression and chronic pain. For this purpose, 44 patients in depressive episode were evaluated, in which 22 were diagnosed with depression and chronic pain, and the other 22 patients were diagnosed with depression but without chronic pain. Results had shown that ELS occurrence is more significant among depressive patients with chronic pain compared with those without pain. When subtypes of ELS were evaluated, the group of depressive patients with pain showed significantly higher prevalence of emotional neglect than those depressive participants without pain. Data analysis has shown that severity of the depressive symptoms has a significant impact on the total score of childhood trauma, emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect, and that emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect have significant impact on the severity of depression. In conclusion, our findings indicate that ELS can be considered as a risk factor for the comorbidity between depression and chronic pain.