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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
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Bone morphogenetic proteins: Their role in regulating osteoclast differentiation.

Raphael Huntley1, Eric Jensen1, Rajaram Gopalakrishnan1

  • 1Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.

Bone Reports
|June 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are widely used clinically. This review examines BMPs' effects on osteoclasts, cells that resorb bone, to understand their full impact on bone regeneration and potential side effects.

Keywords:
BMPCouplingMAPKOsteoclastsReceptorsSMAD1/5

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are increasingly used as clinical adjuvants in procedures like spinal fusion and dental implant osseointegration.
  • Concerns exist regarding BMP efficacy due to their effects on osteoclasts, which resorb bone at graft sites.
  • Current research predominantly focuses on BMPs' osteoinductive effects on osteoblasts, neglecting their impact on osteoclasts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing data on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their role in osteoclast differentiation and activity.
  • To elucidate the dual functions of BMPs in bone remodeling, considering both bone formation and resorption.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of BMPs' effects beyond osteogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from various in vitro studies investigating BMPs' effects on osteoclastogenesis.
  • Review of in vivo findings from BMP-related knockout models to assess functional impacts on osteoclasts.
  • Synthesis of current literature on BMPs' influence on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.

Main Results:

  • BMPs exhibit complex effects on osteoclasts, influencing their differentiation and resorptive activity.
  • Evidence suggests BMPs can modulate osteoclast function, potentially impacting bone healing and implant integration.
  • Knockout models provide critical insights into the specific roles of BMPs in regulating bone resorption.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of BMPs' effects on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts is crucial for optimizing their clinical application.
  • Further research into BMP-osteoclast interactions may reveal strategies to mitigate adverse effects and enhance therapeutic outcomes.
  • This review highlights the necessity of considering BMPs' impact on bone resorption in addition to bone formation for successful regenerative therapies.