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Do Social Cognitive Theory constructs explain response heterogeneity with a physical activity behavioral intervention
Stephanie L Silveira1, Robert W Motl1
1Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
|June 14, 2019
Summary
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) interventions effectively increase physical activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Key SCT factors like outcome expectations and goal setting predict individual responses to these physical activity programs.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral science
- Neuroscience
- Public health
Background:
- Behavioral interventions grounded in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) demonstrate efficacy in enhancing physical activity levels for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
- These interventions improve both objectively measured and self-reported physical activity, crucial for managing MS symptoms and improving quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a secondary analysis of intervention data, focusing on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) constructs as predictors of individual changes in physical activity.
- To explore response heterogeneity, or variability in outcomes, among individuals with MS following a behavioral intervention.
Main Methods:
- The study included 22 individuals with MS who participated in a 6-month SCT-based physical activity intervention.
- Intervention components included a website and video coaching. Physical activity was measured using accelerometers (moderate-vigorous physical activity - MVPA) and the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ).
- Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) variables assessed included self-efficacy for exercise and barriers, outcome expectations, goal setting, planning, and facilitators/impediments.
Main Results:
- Significant individual variability in physical activity changes was observed post-intervention.
- Baseline SCT variables, specifically outcome expectations, goal setting, planning, and barriers self-efficacy, were found to correlate with greater increases in physical activity.
- A notable proportion of participants (8/22) achieved substantial increases in MVPA (>0.5 SD).
Conclusions:
- Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) variables are associated with the varied responses to physical activity interventions in people with MS.
- These findings suggest that tailoring interventions based on SCT constructs, aligning with Bandura's stepwise implementation model, can optimize treatment efficacy for maximizing physical activity in MS.
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