Intravascular ultrasound imaging as a novel tool for the diagnosis of endofibrosis

Given the rise of high-intensity sport athletes and the paucity of literature on endofibrosis, we describe a novel adjunctive imaging technique to aid in diagnosis. A 41-year-old female triathlete presented with exercise-limiting claudication. Results of lower extremity magnetic resonance angiography, provocative Doppler, angiogram, and digital subtraction angiography with papaverine were nondiagnostic. Intravascular ultrasound imaging was able to delineate an abnormal segment of the proximal external iliac artery with intimal hypertrophy. We report intravascular ultrasound imaging as a superior imaging modality to definitively diagnose endofibrosis and assist proper planning and operative treatment of patients with endofibrosis.