Engagement data of robotic students in a synchronous-hybrid course

This article includes data on the engagement behaviors of seven robotically-embodied graduate students who attended class with an on-campus instructor, three robotically-embodied classmates, and two physically-embodied classmates; the classmates were not part of the study [1]. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from the target population of robot users. The present data were collected through video recordings of a class session and an online survey. Initial coding of the students' actions was based on an adaptation of the Telepresence and Engagement Measurement Scale (TEMS) [2], which was based on the National Survey of Student Engagement [3,4]. Thematic analysis was used to identify the potential determinants of robotic students' engagement. From these observations, we discovered that robotic students used their bodies differently than what they self-report, and their behaviors were dependent on classroom structure and actions of the instructor.