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Amblyopia risk factors in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: A longitudinal case-control study

YungJu Yoo1, Hee Kyung Yang2,3, Namju Kim2,3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.

Plos One
|June 14, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in children does not increase amblyopia risk factors compared to controls. Manifest strabismus was identified as the sole determinant for amblyogenic refractive errors in these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Strabismus

Background:

  • Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is a common condition in infants.
  • Investigating amblyopia risk factors in children with CNLDO is crucial for early intervention.
  • Understanding the long-term impact of CNLDO treatment on visual development is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal changes in risk factors for amblyopia in children treated for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational case-control study involving 446 children with CNLDO and 446 age-matched controls.
  • Cycloplegic refraction and ocular alignment assessed at treatment and after symptom improvement (≥1 year).
  • Amblyopia risk factors classified using 2013 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of amblyogenic refractive errors was similar in CNLDO patients (5.4%) and controls (6.5%).
  • After treatment, amblyogenic refractive error prevalence in CNLDO patients decreased to 4.7%.
  • Manifest strabismus was the only significant risk factor associated with amblyogenic refractive errors (OR=6.383, P=0.029).

Conclusions:

  • Children treated for CNLDO do not exhibit a higher prevalence of amblyopia risk factors compared to controls.
  • Manifest strabismus is the primary determinant associated with amblyogenic refractive errors in the CNLDO population.
  • Early detection and management of strabismus are important in children with CNLDO.
Abstract

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